Hemorrhoids, or piles, are a normal anatomical structure of the anal canal; blood-filled cushions seal the anal canal and, together with the sphincter muscles, control excretion. Hemorrhoidal disease is inflammation of piles, when the piles stretch beyond their limits and fill with blood, but do not empty themselves completely. The condition painfully affects the comfort of staying on the toilet.

An anal fissure is a long, narrow, elongated, shallow tear in the mucous membrane – the anoderm, or skin located in the anal canal. There are two clinical forms of anal fissure: acute and chronic. The acute form begins suddenly, with severe pain, bleeding and burning, most often during defecation. The discomfort lasts for several hours, and the symptoms recur. An acute fissure becomes a chronic fissure as a result of untreated or ineffective treatment. In the chronic form, surgical treatment is mainly used.

Anal fistula is an inflammatory disease that creates a narrow channel that connects the lumen of the rectum with the skin around the anus, usually runs in the place where there was a perianal abscess. The fistula channel passes through the sphincter muscles at different heights and therefore the fistula almost always weakens the sphincters. The fistula channel most often runs in the place where there was an abscess and for this reason the external opening is often located in the scar after the abscess incision. Up to 50% of abscesses lead to the occurrence of a fistula.

Pilonidal cyst (also known as pilonidal cyst, pilonidal sinus) most often occurring in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper part of the intergluteal sulcus, is a chronic inflammatory process that can progress to acute inflammation with the formation of an abscess. The disease most often affects men between 20 and 30 years of age, obese people or those suffering from the problem of excessive sweating.

Condyloma acuminata (Latin: condylomata acuminata, skin warts, also known as venereal or genital warts) are caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). The problem affects both women and men of all ages. You can get infected through any type of sexual contact, and the lesions usually develop after 3 weeks to 8 months of contact with the virus.

Proctitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the rectum and anus, the final part of the digestive tract. The disease can occur in both adults and children, but men are most at risk.